38 results
A history of high-power laser research and development in the United Kingdom
- Part of
- Colin N. Danson, Malcolm White, John R. M. Barr, Thomas Bett, Peter Blyth, David Bowley, Ceri Brenner, Robert J. Collins, Neal Croxford, A. E. Bucker Dangor, Laurence Devereux, Peter E. Dyer, Anthony Dymoke-Bradshaw, Christopher B. Edwards, Paul Ewart, Allister I. Ferguson, John M. Girkin, Denis R. Hall, David C. Hanna, Wayne Harris, David I. Hillier, Christopher J. Hooker, Simon M. Hooker, Nicholas Hopps, Janet Hull, David Hunt, Dino A. Jaroszynski, Mark Kempenaars, Helmut Kessler, Sir Peter L. Knight, Steve Knight, Adrian Knowles, Ciaran L. S. Lewis, Ken S. Lipton, Abby Littlechild, John Littlechild, Peter Maggs, Graeme P. A. Malcolm, OBE, Stuart P. D. Mangles, William Martin, Paul McKenna, Richard O. Moore, Clive Morrison, Zulfikar Najmudin, David Neely, Geoff H. C. New, Michael J. Norman, Ted Paine, Anthony W. Parker, Rory R. Penman, Geoff J. Pert, Chris Pietraszewski, Andrew Randewich, Nadeem H. Rizvi, Nigel Seddon, MBE, Zheng-Ming Sheng, David Slater, Roland A. Smith, Christopher Spindloe, Roy Taylor, Gary Thomas, John W. G. Tisch, Justin S. Wark, Colin Webb, S. Mark Wiggins, Dave Willford, Trevor Winstone
-
- Journal:
- High Power Laser Science and Engineering / Volume 9 / 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 April 2021, e18
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- HTML
- Export citation
-
The first demonstration of laser action in ruby was made in 1960 by T. H. Maiman of Hughes Research Laboratories, USA. Many laboratories worldwide began the search for lasers using different materials, operating at different wavelengths. In the UK, academia, industry and the central laboratories took up the challenge from the earliest days to develop these systems for a broad range of applications. This historical review looks at the contribution the UK has made to the advancement of the technology, the development of systems and components and their exploitation over the last 60 years.
Electronic charge transfer properties of COF-5 solutions and films with intercalated metal ions
- William S. Owen, Michael S. Bible, Emma F. Dohmeier, Lindsey R. Guthrie, Michael J. Parsons, Justin W. Hendrix, Joseph R. Hunt, Michael S. Lowry
-
- Journal:
- MRS Communications / Volume 10 / Issue 1 / March 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 January 2020, pp. 91-97
- Print publication:
- March 2020
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
To investigate the manipulation of electromagnetic properties of two-dimensional materials, this effort characterizes charge transfer behavior of colloidal COF-5 (covalent organic framework) in the presence of various metal ions. A series of metal chloride compounds was introduced to COF-5 in solution and solid film phases and the interaction of the material with electromagnetic radiation was monitored across the visible region using electronic absorption spectroscopy. Notable changes were observed, quantified, and discussed for copper (II) chloride (CuCl2), chromium (III) chloride (CrCl3), and iron (III) chloride (FeCl3) with COF-5. Ligand-to-metal and metal-to-ligand charge transfer are explored as a possible mechanism for the observed electronic behaviors.
Research Priorities for Optimizing Long-term Community Integration after Brain Injury
- Emily J. Nalder, Karl Zabjek, Deirdre R. Dawson, Carolina L. Bottari, Isabelle Gagnon, Bradford J. McFadyen, Anne W. Hunt, Suzanne McKenna, Marie-Christine Ouellet, Sylvain Giroux, Nora Cullen, Ewa Niechwiej-Szwedo, ONF-REPAR ABI Team
-
- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 45 / Issue 6 / November 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 October 2018, pp. 643-651
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- HTML
- Export citation
-
Objective
This paper reports on a funded summit, which convened a multidisciplinary group of experts to provide consensus on the research priorities necessary for improving long-term community integration of individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their caregivers.
MethodsThe 2-day summit was directed using the World Café Methodology, to engage stakeholders and collaboratively arrive at a consensus on the problems to be targeted in research. Participants (n=54), drawn from two Canadian provinces, included an interdisciplinary group of researchers, clinicians, representatives from brain injury associations, individuals with TBI, and caregivers. In small groups, participants discussed challenges to long-term community integration and potential initiatives that would address these barriers. Field notes from the discussions were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.
ResultsThe consensus on prioritized research directions included developing interventions to optimize the functioning and participation of individuals with TBI, reducing caregiver burden, and evaluating how emerging technology can facilitate delivery of care.
ConclusionsThe World Café Methodology was an effective method for developing research priorities. The breadth of expertise of participants and the collegial environment allowed for the identification of a broad perspective on important future research directions with potential to enhance the long-term community integration of individuals with brain injury.
The relative strength of perovskite and post-perovskite NaCoF3
- D. P. Dobson, R. McCormack, S. A. Hunt, M. W. Ammann, D. Weidner, L Li, L. Wang
-
- Journal:
- Mineralogical Magazine / Volume 76 / Issue 4 / August 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 July 2018, pp. 925-932
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Stable perovskite and metastable post-perovskite NaCoF3 were deformed in pure-shear geometry in a deformation-DIA press with radiographic monitoring of the sample strain. In isothermal experiments where there was no transformation, post-perovskite was found to be 5 times weaker than perovskite. In temperature-ramping experiments where post-perovskite transformed to perovskite during the deformation experiment the initial post-perovskite sample was 5–10 times weaker than perovskite under comparable conditions and their strengths converged during the transformation, being equal on completion of the transformation. These results confirm recent findings which show that postperovskite is weaker than perovskite, regardless of the prior history of the sample.
The Parkes-MIT-NRAO Southern Sky Survey at 4850 MHz
- M. Griffith, A. E. Wright, A. J. Hunt, E. Troup, R. D. Ekers, P. Buckett, D. J. Cooke, G. Freeman, J. Glowacki, D. Jennings, U. Knop, B. Lam, I. McGovern, D. McConnell, R. P. Norris, R. Otrupcek, R. Twardy, T. Williams, G. Behrens, C. Chestnut, B. F. Burke, A. Fletcher, K. S. Russell, A. Savage, J. Lim, A. E. Vaughan, S. Côté, M. Anderson, A. Hons, G. L. White, S. Amy, A. Burgess, S. Chan, L. Cram, A. Gray, W. Walsh, D. Campbell-Wilson, V. McIntyre, P. Randall, M. Suters, W. J. Zealey
-
- Journal:
- Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia / Volume 9 / Issue 2 / 1991
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 April 2016, pp. 243-245
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
During 1990 we surveyed the southern sky using a multi-beam receiver at frequencies of 4850 and 843 MHz. The half-power beamwidths were 4 and 25 arcmin respectively. The finished surveys cover the declination range between +10 and −90 degrees declination, essentially complete in right ascension, an area of 7.30 steradians. Preliminary analysis of the 4850 MHz data indicates that we will achieve a five sigma flux density limit of about 30 mJy. We estimate that we will find between 80 000 and 90 000 new sources above this limit. This is a revised version of the paper presented at the Regional Meeting by the first four authors; the surveys now have been completed.
Contributors
-
- By Francesco Acerbi, Ayca Akgoz, Matthew R. Amans, Ramsey Ashour, Mohammed Ali Aziz-Sultan, H. Hunt Batjer, Donnie Bell, Bernard R. Bendok, Giovanni Broggi, Morgan Broggi, Charles A. Bruno, Steven D. Chang, In Sup Choi, Omar Choudhri, Douglas J. Cook, William P. Dillon, Peter Dirks, Rose Du, Travis M. Dumont, Tarek Y. El Ahmadieh, Najib E. El Tecle, Mohamed Samy Elhammady, Paolo Ferroli, Alana M. Flexman, John C. Flickinger, Kai U. Frerichs, Sasikhan Geibprasert, Adrian W. Gelb, Y. Pierre Gobin, Bradley A. Gross, Seunggu J. Han, Tomoki Hashimoto, Juha Hernesniemi, Roberto C. Heros, Steven W. Hetts, Randall T. Higashida, Joshua A. Hirsch, Nikolai J. Hopf, L. Nelson Hopkins, Maziyar A. Kalani, M. Yashar S. Kalani, Hideyuki Kano, Syed Aftab Karim, Robert M. Koffie, Douglas S. Kondziolka, Timo Krings, Aki Laakso, Giuseppe Lanzino, Michael T. Lawton, Elad I. Levy, L. Dade Lunsford, Adel M. Malek, Michael P. Marks, George A. C. Mendes, Philip M. Meyers, Jacques Morcos, Nitin Mukerji, Christian Musahl, Ludmila Pawlikowska, Matthew B. Potts, Ross Puffer, James D. Rabinov, Jonathan J. Russin, Mina G. Safain, Duke Samson, Marco Schiariti, R. Michael Scott, Jason P. Sheehan, Paul Singh, Edward R. Smith, Scott G. Soltys, Robert F. Spetzler, Gary K. Steinberg, Philip E. Stieg, Hua Su, Karel terBrugge, Kiron Thomas, Tarik Tihan, Babu Welch, Jonathan White, H. Richard Winn, Chun-Po Yen, Jacky T. Yeung, Byron Yip, Samer G. Zammar
- Edited by Robert F. Spetzler, Douglas S. Kondziolka, Randall T. Higashida, University of California, San Francisco, M. Yashar S. Kalani
-
- Book:
- Comprehensive Management of Arteriovenous Malformations of the Brain and Spine
- Published online:
- 05 January 2015
- Print publication:
- 08 January 2015, pp x-xiv
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
6 - Meiotic recombination in human oocytes
- from Part 3 - The embryo/blastomere
- Edited by Carlos Simón, Antonio Pellicer, Renee Reijo Pera
-
- Book:
- Stem Cells in Reproductive Medicine
- Published online:
- 05 July 2013
- Print publication:
- 04 July 2013, pp 63-75
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
This chapter reviews the sexually dimorphic nature of meiosis in mammalian species, since many aspects of recombination depend on whether the gamete is proceeding through spermatogenesis or oogenesis. Since meiotic recombination occurs at prophase during fetal development in mammalian females, few investigations of human recombination have focused on this stage. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis provides a powerful tool for the generation of high resolution genetic maps. LD mapping does not require analysis of multiple generations in a family. Rather it is a simple assessment of haplotype blocks among different individuals. Fortunately, with improvements in immunostaining techniques and the increasing availability of antibodies capable of detecting meiosis-acting proteins, it has now become possible to analyze the processes of pairing, synapsis, and recombination in human fetal oocytes. Advances in mapping methodology have led to the generation of high-resolution male and female genetic maps.
List of contributors
-
- By Anthony Atala, Karl W. Broman, Irene Cervelló, David K. Gardner, Caroline E. Gargett, Nicolás Garrido, Ellen Goossens, Jennifer R. Gruhn, Alexandra J. Harvey, Terry J. Hassold, Patricia A. Hunt, Orkan Ilbay, Irina Klimanskaya, Tippi C. MacKenzie, Ana M. Martínez-Arroyo, Jose V. Medrano, Heidi Mertes, Marcos Meseguer, Sergio Mora, Sean V. Murphy, Hong P.T. Nguyen, Amar Nijagal, Takehiko Ogawa, Guido Pennings, Joy Rathjen, Angel Raya, Renee A. Reijo Pera, Rocío Rivera, Emre Seli, Carlos Simón, Herman Tournaye, Agustín G. Zapata
- Edited by Carlos Simón, Antonio Pellicer, Renee Reijo Pera
-
- Book:
- Stem Cells in Reproductive Medicine
- Published online:
- 05 July 2013
- Print publication:
- 04 July 2013, pp vii-viii
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
Understanding the relative contributions of direct environmental effects and passive genotype–environment correlations in the association between familial risk factors and child disruptive behavior disorders
- M. A. Bornovalova, J. R. Cummings, E. Hunt, R. Blazei, S. Malone, W. G. Iacono
-
- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 44 / Issue 4 / March 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 29 May 2013, pp. 831-844
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Background
Previous work reports an association between familial risk factors stemming from parental characteristics and offspring disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs). This association may reflect (a) the direct effects of familial environment and (b) a passive gene–environment correlation (rGE), wherein the parents provide both the genes and the environment. The current study examined the contributions of direct environmental influences and passive rGE by comparing the effects of familial risk factors on child DBDs in genetically related (biological) and non-related (adoptive) families.
MethodParticipants were 402 adoptive and 204 biological families. Familial environment was defined as maternal and paternal maladaptive parenting and antisociality, marital conflict and divorce; offspring DBDs included attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Mixed-level regressions estimated the main effects of familial environment, adoption status and the familial environment by adoption status interaction term, which tested for the presence of passive rGE.
ResultsThere was a main effect of maternal and paternal maladaptive parenting and marital discord on child DBDs, indicating a direct environmental effect. There was no direct environmental effect of maternal or paternal antisociality, but maternal and paternal antisociality had stronger associations with child DBDs in biological families than adoptive families, indicating the presence of a passive rGE.
ConclusionsMany familial risk factors affected children equally across genetically related and non-related families, providing evidence for direct environmental effects. The relationship of parental antisociality and offspring DBDs was best explained by a passive rGE, where a general vulnerability toward externalizing psychopathology is passed down by the parents to the children.
Adapting a PET Imaging Agent for Correlative Microscopy of Meningiomas and Other Intracranial Tumors
- W. Lingle, V. Negron, G. Johnson, J. Parasi, M. Nathan, C. Hunt, P. Peller, S. Broski, A. Fauq, R. Petersen, V. Lowe
-
- Journal:
- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 18 / Issue S2 / July 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 November 2012, pp. 178-179
- Print publication:
- July 2012
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Contributors
-
- By Phillip L. Ackerman, Soon Ang, Susan M. Barnett, G. David Batty, Anna S. Beninger, Jillian Brass, Meghan M. Burke, Nancy Cantor, Priyanka B. Carr, David R. Caruso, Stephen J. Ceci, Lillia Cherkasskiy, Joanna Christodoulou, Andrew R. A. Conway, Christine E. Daley, Janet E. Davidson, Jim Davies, Katie Davis, Ian J. Deary, Colin G. DeYoung, Ron Dumont, Carol S. Dweck, Linn Van Dyne, Pascale M. J. Engel de Abreu, Joseph F. Fagan, David Henry Feldman, Kurt W. Fischer, Marisa H. Fisher, James R. Flynn, Liane Gabora, Howard Gardner, Glenn Geher, Sarah J. Getz, Judith Glück, Ashok K. Goel, Megan M. Griffin, Elena L. Grigorenko, Richard J. Haier, Diane F. Halpern, Christopher Hertzog, Robert M. Hodapp, Earl Hunt, Alan S. Kaufman, James C. Kaufman, Scott Barry Kaufman, Iris A. Kemp, John F. Kihlstrom, Joni M. Lakin, Christina S. Lee, David F. Lohman, N. J. Mackintosh, Brooke Macnamara, Samuel D. Mandelman, John D. Mayer, Richard E. Mayer, Martha J. Morelock, Ted Nettelbeck, Raymond S. Nickerson, Weihua Niu, Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie, Jonathan A. Plucker, Sally M. Reis, Joseph S. Renzulli, Heiner Rindermann, L. Todd Rose, Anne Russon, Peter Salovey, Scott Seider, Ellen L. Short, Keith E. Stanovich, Ursula M. Staudinger, Robert J. Sternberg, Carli A. Straight, Lisa A. Suzuki, Mei Ling Tan, Maggie E. Toplak, Susana Urbina, Richard K. Wagner, Richard F. West, Wendy M. Williams, John O. Willis, Thomas R. Zentall
- Edited by Robert J. Sternberg, Oklahoma State University, Scott Barry Kaufman, New York University
-
- Book:
- The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence
- Published online:
- 05 June 2012
- Print publication:
- 30 May 2011, pp xi-xiv
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
Contributors
-
- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
-
- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
Contributors
-
- By Lise Aksglaede, Yutaka Aoki, Germaine M. Buck Louis, Esther L. Calderon, Sylvaine Cordier, Julie Damm, Leo F. Doherty, Mary A. Fox, Dori R. Germolec, Linda C. Giudice, Andrea C. Gore, K. Leigh Greathouse, Louis J. Guillette Jr., Heather J. Hamlin, Russ Hauser, Jerrold J. Heindel, Patricia Hunt, Taisen Iguchi, Sarah J. Janssen, Anders Juul, Laxmi A. Kondapalli, Robert W. Luebke, Maricel V. Maffini, John D. Meeker, Pauline Mendola, Sinichi Miyagawa, Annette Mouritsen, Retha R. Newbold, Gail S. Prins, Richard M. Sharpe, Niels E. Skakkebaek, Rémy Slama, Gina M. Solomon, Carlos Sonnenschein, Kaspar Sørensen, Ana M. Soto, Tamotsu Sudo, Shanna H. Swan, Hugh S. Taylor, Jorma Toppari, Helena E. Virtanen, Cheryl L. Walker, Teresa K. Woodruff, Tracey J. Woodruff, R. Thomas Zoeller
- Edited by Tracey J. Woodruff, University of California, San Francisco, Sarah J. Janssen, University of California, San Francisco, Louis J. Guillette, Jr, University of Florida, Linda C. Giudice, University of California, San Francisco
-
- Book:
- Environmental Impacts on Reproductive Health and Fertility
- Published online:
- 23 February 2010
- Print publication:
- 28 January 2010, pp -
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
The use of DNA markers to map anthelmintic resistance loci in an intraspecific cross of Haemonchus contortus
- P. W. HUNT, A. C. KOTZE, M. R. KNOX, L. J. ANDERSON, J. McNALLY, L. F. LE JAMBRE
-
- Journal:
- Parasitology / Volume 137 / Issue 4 / April 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 October 2009, pp. 705-717
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
The use of DNA markers to track the development of anthelmintic resistance in parasites of livestock would allow informed choices for the management of this important problem. We describe a genetic mapping approach for the discovery of DNA markers for anthelmintic resistance in Haemonchus contortus. We crossed a multi-drug resistant field isolate of H. contortus with a well-characterized laboratory strain susceptible to 4 drug classes. The F2 were separately selected with 5 anthelmintics from 4 drug classes, producing drug-resistant populations carrying gene variants derived from both the field isolate and the laboratory strain. Individual F2 worms were analysed using amplicon length polymorphisms (ALPs). We looked for field isolate alleles over- or under-represented in F2 populations compared to the unselected F2 and/or the laboratory strain. The data we obtained suggest that marker association can be used to link neutral markers with resistance, but also that more markers and perhaps more inbred laboratory strains would make the procedure more likely to succeed.
Induced expression of a Drosophila hsp70 promoter-fusion transgene is reduced after repeated heat shocks
- S. M. N. Hunt, M. R. Wilkins, H. W. Stokes, G. E. Daggard, R. Frankham
-
- Journal:
- Genetical Research / Volume 59 / Issue 3 / June 1992
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 April 2009, pp. 183-188
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
-
Levels of transcripts produced by a heat shock protein 70 (hsp70)-antisense white transgene in Drosophila were measured after single and multiple heat shocks to determine whether the hsp70 promoter could produce sustained high levels of transgene transcripts. A single heat shock resulted in typical highly inducible levels of RNA, but the amount of antisense RNA was substantially reduced after multiple heat shocks. Endogenous hsp70 mRNA levels were also less abundant after multiple heat shocks as compared to a single heat shock. The hsp70 promoter is unsuitable for use in fusion gene constructs for long term expression studies where repeated heat shocks are required.
The performance of Ongole heifers grazing native and introduced pasture species at Sumba, Indonesia
- I. G. W. Rudolf, G. Blair, P. W. Orchard, A. R. Til, M. Hunt
-
- Journal:
- The Journal of Agricultural Science / Volume 111 / Issue 1 / August 1988
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 March 2009, pp. 11-17
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of fertilizer (triple superphosphate) and stocking rate on animal and pasture productivity on Sumba Island, Eastern Indonesia. The Ongole heifers used in the 1-year experiment gained weight during the wet season and lost weight during the dry season at stocking rates of 0·5 and 1·0 head/ha when grazing native Themeda pasture. The dryseason weight loss was arrested when a prepared seed-bed pasture, which contained 21 % Siratro at the start of the experiment was grazed at a stocking rate of 1·5 head/ha. Increasing the stocking rate to 2·5 head/ha on this pasture resulted in an increase, in the weed component of the pasture from 12 to 84% in 1 year.
The mineral content of plucked samples of pasture indicated that levels of Ca and Mg were generally adequate for growing beef cattle and that Na supplementation would be beneficial. Plant N concentration was below 1·5% in the Themeda and Imperatacomponent but above this in the legume at the prepared seed-bed site. The P concentration in the Themeda and Imperata was always below the 0·24 % level required by cattle, as it was in the legume at the end of the experiment.
The introduction of herbaceous legumes into pastures under set stocking conditions can lead to pasture instability.
Air flow and turbulence over complex terrain: a colloquium and a computational workshop
- J. C. R. Hunt, F. Tampieri, W. S. Weng, D. J. Carruthers
-
- Journal:
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 227 / June 1991
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 April 2006, pp. 667-688
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
The third Euromech Colloquium on this topic was held at FISBAT in Bologna in August 1990, in succession to those in 1979 at Munich (No. 113) and 1983 at Delphi (No. 173). About 30 participants came from 10 countries. At the Colloquium it became clear that there have been some significant developments since 1983 in theoretical analysis, computational modelling and field experiments, with new kinds of measurement. As well as papers on improvements in the quantification and understanding of the main, well-known features of these flows, there were also papers on phenomena that had not previously been studied; for example new computations of flows over undulating surfaces driven by buoyancy forces, caused by heating the surface, showed that secondary flows are produced with vorticity parallel to the undulations, while wind tunnel experiments on flows perpendicular to the crests showed secondary flow with vorticity perpendicular to the crests, and with a scale consistent with Craik's (1982) theory which predicted these novel kinds of Langmuir cells. The magnitude of the net drag force on undulating surfaces in neutrally stratified turbulent flows now appears to be moderately well established by different methods, including computations, laboratory experiments, and theoretical analyses. These have clarified the relative magnitudes of a number of contributing mechanisms. The role of Coriolis accelerations (f) in atmospheric flow over simple terrain features (lengthscale L, height H) on the mesoscale (order 30 km upwards) is now better understood. For stratified air flow impinging onto hills rising from a flat plain the Rossby radius (lR = HN/f) is the relevant lengthscale (where N is the buoyancy frequency), but in neutral or convective conditions, such as those which occur when southerly winds are channelled down the Rhine valley, the turning of the wind on a scale of the terrain less than the Rossby radius can also be significantly influenced by Coriolis accelerations.
The recent field measurements by Doppler-sodar (which are installed in several French power stations) produce useful data for comparing with computational models; they also emphasize the need to solve the theoretical question of how best to combine model calculations and measurements within the flow field that exceed the number required to specify the flow in the model. Models of the mean flow and the turbulence have improved to the extent that they can be used in other scientific and practical problems, such as being incorporated into models of dispersion of pollutants, or in models of microphysics and chemical processes in polluted clouds over hills.
Following the Colloquium an ERCOFTACt Workshop was held in which the computer codes of such models were presented and compared in detail. It was decided that i t is necessary to have a systematic intercomparison of such codes, and also detailed comparisons with the extensive sets of data now available from recent field and laboratory experiments.
The wide range of scales that occur in these complex atmospheric flows (10−2 m to 105 m) all have to be considered and calculated in detail, because simple assumptions about the flow (such as that the mean velocity has a logarithmic profile up to a significant height above the surface) are erroneous. Computational models were described that range in complexity from those based on analytical solutions (at low computational cost) to those based on solving discretized equations with large variations in grid sizes to accommodate the range of scales. Novel interactive software was used that enables graphs from different models to be requested and then rapidly displayed simultaneously on a screen for comparisons to be made. This software opens out significant new possibilities for scientific meetings and workshops involving computational fluid dynamics.
The effects of stable stratification on turbulent diffusion and the decay of grid turbulence
- R. E. Britter, J. C. R. Hunt, G. L. Marsh, W. H. Snyder
-
- Journal:
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 127 / February 1983
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 April 2006, pp. 27-44
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Experiments are described in which a grid is towed horizontally along a large tank filled first with water and then with a stably stratified saline solution. The decay rates of the r.m.s. turbulent velocity components (w’, v’) perpendicular to the mean motion are measured by a ‘Taylor’ diffusion probe and are found to be unaffected by the stable stratification over distances measured from 5 to 47 mesh lengths (M) downstream, and over a range of Froude number U/NM of ∞ and 8·5 to 0·5, U being the velocity and N the buoyancy frequency. The Reynolds number Mw’/ν of the turbulence was about 103, where v is the kinematic viscosity. The vertical velocity fluctuations produced near the grid were reduced by the stratification by up to 30% when U/MN ≈ 0·5. Large-scale internal wave motion was not evident from the observations within about 50 mesh lengths of the grid.
The turbulent diffusion from a point source located 4·7 mesh lengths downstream was studied. σy, σz, the horizontal and vertical plume widths, were measured by a rake of probes. σy was found to be largely unaffected by the stratification and grew like t½, while σz was found in all cases to reach an asymptotic limit σz∞ where 0·5 [les ] σz∞N/w’s [les ] 2, w’s being the r.m.s. velocity fluctuations at the source; the time taken for σz to reach its maximum was about 2N−1. These results are largely in agreement with the theoretical models of Csanady (1964) and Pearson, Puttock & Hunt (1983).
On boundary-layer flow past two-dimensional obstacles
- F. T. Smith, P. W. M. Brighton, P. S. Jackson, J. C. R. Hunt
-
- Journal:
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 113 / December 1981
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 April 2006, pp. 123-152
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
A complete description is sought for the two-dimensional laminar flow response of an incompressible boundary layer encountering a hump on an otherwise smooth boundary. Given that the typical Reynolds number Re (based on the development length L* of the boundary layer) is large, the flow characteristics depend on only two parameters, the non-dimensional length and height scales l, h of the obstacle. For short humps of length less than the familiar O(Re−⅜) triple-deck size the critical height scale, which produces a nonlinear interaction and hence the prospect of separation, is of order $Re^{-\frac{1}{2}}l^{\frac{1}{3}}$. For long humps whose length is greater than the triple-deck size the corresponding critical height scale is much bigger, of order $l^{\frac{5}{3}}$. Height scales below critical produce only a weak flow response while height scales above critical force relatively large-scale separated motions to occur. In the paper the flow structures and typical solutions produced by two representative cases, a short obstacle of length comparable with the oncoming boundary-layer thickness and a long obstacle of height comparable with the boundary-layer thickness, are mainly considered. The former case is controlled by the unknown pressure force induced locally in the flow near the hump and by two length scales, that of the hump itself and that of the longer triple deck. The latter case is governed mainly by the inviscid externally produced pressure force. Alternatively, however, all the dominant flow properties in both cases can be obtained as special or limiting solutions of the triple-deck problem. Comparisons between the cases studied are also presented.
Experiments on stably and neutrally stratified flow over a model three-dimensional hill
- J. C. R. Hunt, W. H. Snyder
-
- Journal:
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 96 / Issue 4 / 27 February 1980
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 April 2006, pp. 671-704
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
This paper describes the flow structure observed over a bell-shaped hill with height h (the profile of which is the reciprocal of a fourth-order polynomial) when it was placed first in a large towing tank containing stratified saline solutions with uniform stable density gradients and second in an unstratified wind tunnel. (A similarly shaped model hill was also studied in a small towing tank.) Observations were made at values of the Froude number F (≃ U/Nh) in the range 0·1 to 1·7 and at F = ∞, where U is the towing speed and N is the Brunt-Väisälä frequency, and at values of the Reynolds number from 400 to 275000. For F ≲ 0·4, the observations verify Drazin's (1961) theory for low-Froude-number flow over three-dimensional obstacles and establish limits of applicability. For Froude numbers of the order of unity, it is found that a classification of the lee-wave patterns and separated-flow regions observed in two-dimensional flows also appears to apply to three-dimensional hills.
Flow-visualization techniques were used extensively in obtaining both qualitative and quantitative information on the flow structure around the hill. Representative photographs of dye tracers, potassium permanganate dye streaks, shadowgraphs, surface dye smears, and hydrogen-bubble patterns are included here. While emphasis is centred on obtaining a basic understanding of the flow around three-dimensional hills, the results are applicable to the estimation of air pollutant dispersion around hills.